Rinnegan

The is the most revered and, according to Fukasaku, the most powerful of all the three great dōjutsu. Jiraiya, too, acknowledged that the Rinnegan is "without question, the most powerful" of the three. Although a Kekkei Genkai like the Hyuga Clan's Byakugan and Uchiha Clan's Sharingan, it seems to be by far the most rarely occurring of the three, as there have been only two known Rinnegan users: the Sage of the Six Paths and Nagato. With the Sage being presumably long deceased and with Nagato now dead, there are currently no known Rinnegan users alive at this point. The doujutsu's existence is so rare that Jiraiya thought its existence was only a legend. The Rinnegan is characterized by a ripple-like pattern around the pupil, with a grayish-purple iris and sclera. In addition to enabling the user to quickly master various jutsu, the user may also use all forms of chakra nature manipulation, it also allows the user to use all of the six paths techniques. Like the Sharingan and the Byakugan, the Rinnegan also allows the user to see chakra, including an otherwise hidden barrier. According to Nagato's partner Konan, the possesser of the Rinnegan is the seventh path of Pain, who is "beyond life and death", and can use the Outer Path: Samsara of Heavenly Life Technique, which allows the Rinnegan user to revive all people who have died recently.

Because Nagato's Six Paths of Pain were all reanimated corpses, their Rinnegan was added to their bodies by Nagato through some unknown means. By doing so, Nagato could see each individual body's field of vision, coordinating the bodies with extremely precise planning, even during battles. Due to this effect, unlike the Byakugan, the Rinnegan does not have a blind spot, as long as the bodies are looking in every direction or atleast one body is looking at the desired target. Because of this advantage, an opponent must blind one body, or distract all others in order for a blind spot to be opened. The animals summoned by the Animal path also had Rinnegan eyes, suggesting that Nagato controlled them as well.

Trivia

 * Rinne (輪廻) is the Japanese term for Samsara, the cycle of reincarnation or rebirth in several Indian religions. This is reflected in the names of Six Paths of Pain, which share the names with Samsaric realms of reincarnation.
 * Contrast to the anime depiction of it being multi-colored, the manga has shown that the Rinnengan actually is grayish purple in color. This mistake was most likely done due to the manga not releasing the color in time for the anime. This error was corrected as of episode 80 of Shippūden.