Six Paths

is a term used throughout the Naruto storyline. Its deeper meaning is currently unknown. There also seems to be no apparent connection between some of the instances this term is used. It's noticeable that many of those instances are related to the Rinnegan. The term has been used in the following contexts:

Monikers

 * — Hagoromo Ōtsutsuki, the founder of Ninshū.
 * — Obito Uchiha called himself this under the guise of being Madara Uchiha.
 * — Nagato is called this as the third wielder of the Rinnegan by Obito.

Techniques

 * — A special form of senjutsu. Users of this technique can also fly.
 * — A heightened state of Sage Mode.
 * — A sealing technique to seal the Ten-Tails into oneself.
 * – A fūinjutsu that is used with the Six Paths Yin and Yang powers.
 * — The primary technique used with the Rinnegan.
 * — The use of the Six Paths Technique through a variety of corpses.
 * — Hashirama Senju used this term in relation to the Outer Path — Samsara of Heavenly Life Technique.
 * — Naruto used this term referring to the staffs he formed out of the Truth-Seeking Balls.

Chakra

 * — Hagoromo's special chakra.
 * — This chakra is used by Naruto Uzumaki to form his Six Paths Rods.

Powers

 * — A special power that reinforces eye techniques and other ninjutsu.
 * and — Two special powers that can be used to seal entities like the Ten-Tails.

Other Instances

 * After Naruto's and Kurama's fight on Genbu, the fox is sealed by Naruto's Torii Seal and makes an allusion to the Six Paths, but leaves it unfinished.