Nature Transformation

is an advanced form of chakra control and a technique that is pivotal for the manipulation of chakra and the creation of new jutsu. While Shape Transformation changes the shape and movement of chakra, elemental nature transformation changes the actual nature of the chakra, altering its properties and characteristics. It is notable that few shinobi can use both shape manipulation and nature manipulation.

Nature Manipulation/Transformation is one of two necessary techniques for creating a jutsu, its counterpart being Shape Transformation. Nature Manipulation entails the molding and defining of one's chakra into a innate type of chakra nature.

Basic Types
There are five basic types into which the nature of chakra can be transformed, called the. These five types are also called elements and are not only the origin of the names of the Five Great Shinobi Countries, but also the foundation of all elemental ninjutsu. The five basic natures are all connected to each other in a circle, each being weaker than one and stronger than another.

These elements allow for elemental ninjutsu to be performed:
 * natured chakra allows for, which is strong against Wind but weak against Water.
 * natured chakra allows for, which is strong against Lightning but weak against Fire.
 * natured chakra allows for, which is strong against Earth but weak against Wind.
 * natured chakra allows for, which is strong against Water but weak against Lightning.
 * natured chakra allows for, which is strong against Fire but weak against Earth.

Basically, this means that if an elemental jutsu is put against an elemental jutsu of the same level, but of a stronger nature, then the jutsu with the superior nature will prevail. However, a jutsu with a weaker nature can overpower a jutsu with a stronger nature if the former is of a higher level.

Affinity
In general, every person has chakra that has an affinity towards one of these types, a characteristic that seems to be genetic, since whole clans sometimes share the same affinity. Most members of the Uchiha clan, for example, had an affinity towards the Fire nature.

To find out what affinity someone has, pieces of paper made from a special type of tree (that are grown and fed with chakra) are used that react to even the slightest hint of chakra in any of a number of ways, depending on the nature latent in the chakra.

The Chakra Paper reactions are as follows:
 * Fire: the Paper will ignite and turn to ash.
 * Wind: the Paper will split in two.
 * Lightning: the Paper will crumple up.
 * Earth: the Paper will turn to dirt and crumble.
 * Water: the Paper will become wet/damp.

This affinity makes it easier to learn how to create and control the nature in question, although even with an affinity this process will usually take any number of years. Shinobi are not limited to the nature they have an affinity to, though. By the time they reach the rank of Jōnin, most shinobi have mastered two natures. However, because of the difficulty of mastering a nature and the time required to learn it, it is almost impossible to master all five natures in a normal way. However, people who are born with the Rinnegan possess all the elements, while Kakuzu got them by stealing the hearts, and chakra, of others.

Advanced Types
Besides the five basic nature types, there are several more advanced types. By using two basic types simultaneously, one can create a completely new nature with unique properties, and is referred to as a "elementally-recomposed nature type". Doing this requires a special ability and such abilities are rarely seen outside a kekkei genkai.

According to Kakashi in chapter 316 page 17. To mix two charka types is not bound by mixing only two specific, but the ability to mix. This should mean that whatever chakra natures a Shinobi posses he/she should be capable of mixing two of those he/she posses. Meaning if he/she gets access to a new chakra he/she should be able to use that in combination with another one in his kekkei genkai too.

So far, eleven natures have been shown:
 * The nature, used by Haku, is created by simultaneously combining the Water and Wind natures. This nature allows for the use of  ninjutsu. Ice Release has been shown as being resistant against Fire Release.
 * Yukigakure-nin were able to use a different kind of Ice Release, by drawing on already-existing ice, snow, and cold. This was not a kekkei genkai, as Kakashi could copy one of these techniques with his Sharingan. This is likely a mistake, as the Kekkei Genkai of Haku's clan hand't been referred to as "Hyōton" yet at that time, and also the details of Nature Transformation hadn't been revealed yet, allowing the creators of Naruto the Movie: Ninja Clash in the Land of Snow to "invent" this "new" nature. Also, while Haku's Ice techniques had unusual effects, this type of Ice Release focuses on more obvious effects of ice, such as freezing.
 * The nature, used by Hashirama Senju, Yamato, and Danzō Shimura, is created by simultaneously combining the Earth and Water natures. This nature allows for the use of  ninjutsu.
 * The nature, used by the Four-Tailed Monkey, Mei Terumī, and Kurotsuchi, is created by simultaneously combining the Fire and Earth natures. This nature allows for the use of.
 * The nature, used by Guren, is possibly created by simultaneously combining the Earth nature and another unspecified nature. This nature allows for the use of  ninjutsu.(Anime-only)
 * The nature, used by Sasuke Uchiha, originates from the flames of Amaterasu and allows the use of  ninjutsu. It is unknown what this nature entails.
 * The nature, used by Darui, and stolen by Hiruko, is created by simultaneously combining the Lightning and Water natures. This nature allows for the use of  ninjutsu.
 * It is likely that the two users were using a different type of this release, as Hiruko is a character only seen in Naruto Shippūden 3: Inheritors of the Will of Fire, and Darui hadn't been introduced at that time. There is also a significant difference between the techniques of this nature they use.
 * The nature, used by Mei Terumī, is created by simultaneously combining the Water and Fire natures. This nature allows for the use of  ninjutsu.
 * The nature, used by Ōnoki, is possibly created by simultaneously combining the Earth nature and another unspecified nature. This nature allows for the use of  ninjutsu.
 * The nature, stolen by Hiruko, allows the use of  ninjutsu. It is unknown what this nature entails.(Movie only)
 * The nature, stolen by Hiruko, allows the use of  ninjutsu. It is unknown what this nature entails.(Movie only)
 * The nature, stolen by Hiruko, allows the use of  ninjutsu. It is unknown what this nature entails.(Movie only)

Combining with Shape Transformation
While Nature Transformation changes the actual nature of the chakra, Shape Transformation allows a ninja to change the actual shape and actions of the chakra, altering its abilities. Because of this, a technique like Rasengan can be turned into Wind Release: Rasengan or Wind Release: Rasenshuriken, because of Wind Release being joined with the movement of chakra. The cutting nature of wind-natured chakra into millions of minuscule blades, in a spiraling formation, turns as seen when used against Kakuzu.

Yin and Yang
Aside from the five basic types of nature transformation, there is also a sixth type: the, the basis of imagination and spiritual energy, used to perform ; and the , the basis of vitality and physical energy, used to perform. Together, they are used to perform. Yamato implied that the Yin and Yang are the source of non-elemental jutsu such as the Shadow Imitation Technique, Multi-Size Technique, medical ninjutsu, genjutsu, etc.

The transformation of the Yin and Yang has to do with altering the amounts of and balance between spiritual and physical energy in chakra. As explained by Shikamaru Nara, Tayuya's spirit worms were forms of spiritual energy that have small amounts of physical energy, thus they require stability and feed upon the physical energy they lack. Shikamaru also mentioned that Tayuya was the same type of ninja as he is, being able to use such kinds of "special chakra" in battle, supporting the belief that the Nara clan's shadow-based jutsu is also Yin and Yang-based.

Trivia

 * In chapter 514, Deidara refers to his Exploding Clay techhniques as, despite earlier establishment that his techniques are earth-natured.