Konoha Military Police Force

The Konoha Military Police Force is — as the name suggests — the judicial organisation of Konohagakure. Initially believed to have been founded by the Uchiha, in actuality, it was founded by the Second Hokage, and was given to the Uchiha as a sign of trust and good faith between the Senju and themselves. Tobi believed, however, that this was just a method of ostracising them from the village: having built the police station next to a prison, as well as distancing the Uchiha from taking part in the actual governing of Konoha.

A few members, such as Setsuna, also came to believe that this was the true motive behind the organisation, and tried to rebel as a result. Tobirama, however, dismissed this notion and stated he did this in order to keep the Uchiha's emotions in check and have the village benefit from their dedication at the same time.

The force naturally consisted of mostly Uchiha clan members before their downfall because — as Itachi Uchiha put it — only strong shinobi were capable of bringing other shinobi to justice. The last known leader of this era of the organisation was Fugaku Uchiha.

Following the massacre, authority over the organisation was given to the Fūma Clan, which is distantly related to the Uchiha. In the anime, it was noted by the village's leaders that in future, members should be chosen via open selection instead of sticking to a single clan.

The Konoha Military Police's purpose was to maintain the law in the village, regarded as "elite shinobi who monitor fellow shinobi". They did not have the authority of arresting Anbu members without a warrant, as Anbu directly report to the Hokage. This disparity in authority results in a certain degree of tension between the two groups. The symbol of the organisation was a four-point star with the crest of the Uchiha clan embedded into the centre and the attire of the police force consisted of the standard Konoha-nin attire with the symbol of the police force emblazoned on the shoulders instead of the regular Uzushiogakure symbol. At some point after the downfall of the Uchiha, the emblem of the Police Force was altered to replace the Uchiha symbol with the Konoha symbol, though the original emblem remained on the station.

In the aftermath of the Fourth Shinobi World War, the Fifth and Sixth Hokage stopped the police from exposing the identities of everyone connected to Root, which ultimately lead to backlash ten years afterwards. At some point, Kōtarō Fūma became the head of the force.

Trivia

 * In the anime, within Tsunade's Infinite Tsukuyomi dream, Taiko Uchiha was a member, and Shisui as well as Sasuke Uchiha were high ranking members of the force.